RUBY BASICS

    #INSTALLATION
    Download  Ruby 3.0.1-1 (x64)
    Install file / at the end check "Run ridk install" and click finish
    Opens a command window with 3 options. use enter (or Install each one by one separately. 1, Enter, 2 Enter, 3 Enter)
    Check in cmd ruby -v to know the version and see if it is installed
    Visual Code Extensions
    For input we need a special terminal

    #BASIC 
    print "Hello World" //prints something
    print "Hello World" //print next to previous print 
    puts "Hello World" //print a new line afterwards

    #single line comment
    =begin
    multiple line comment
    =end

    #VARIABLES AND DATA TYPES. Don't need to specify it.
    name = "John"
    age = 35
    weight = 80.00
    ismale = true
    falws = nil # means that doesn't have a value

    //CONCATENATION
    puts (name + " has " + age +" years.")

    #ESCAPE CHARACTERS
    puts "Customers\" Solutions"
    \n another line

    # METHODS

    # String Methods
    name = "Customer Solutions"
    name.upcase()
    name.downcase()
    name.strip() # like trim
    name.length() 
    name.include? "Hi" #if the string target includes the string indicated, returns boolean
    name[0] #character in the position indicated of the string name. Strings start counting at 0
    name[0,3] #characters from 0 to 3, excluding 3. so returns 0,1,2
    name.index("omer") #returns the position if found

    # Math Methods
    num = 25
    weight = 70.20
    puts 5+9 #prints the result
    2**3 = 2^3 #exponential
    10 % 3 #resto / reminder 
    num.abs() # absolute value
    num.round()
    num.ceil()
    num.floor()
    Math.sqrt(num) # Math class with different functions / methods
    Math.log(num)
    integer and decimals can be used, but it will create decimal results when using a decimal. If using 2 integers, the result will be an integer even if the result is not like 10/7

    # INPUT
    Need to use a terminal o command prompt, we need to use the terminal
    Run a ruby program in Terminal. Write:
    ruby fileName.rb

    # Code
    puts "Enter your name:"
    name = gets.chomp()  # stores what the user inputs into the program / terminal in the variable
    #chomp() removes the new line that happens after the user clics enter after inputting info
    puts ("hello" + name)

    # Building a calculator, problem with strings / decimals

    puts "Enter a number: "
    num1 = gets.chomp() #alternatively you can convert it here gets.chomp().to_f
    puts "Enter another number: "
    num2 = gets.chomp()

    puts (num1 + num2) #ruby concatenates, because it converts it into a string
    puts (num1.to_i + num2.to_i) #converts into integers
    puts (num1.to_f + num2.to_f) #converts into decimals / floating point numbers

    run a program: ruby rubyfile.rb
    

    # Mad Libs game
    puts "Enter a color: "
    color = gets.chomp()
    puts "Enter a plural_noun: "
    plural_noun = gets.chomp()
    puts "Enter a celebrity: "
    celebrity = gets.chomp()

    puts ("Roses are "+ color)
    puts (plural_noun + " are blue")
    puts ("I love " + celebrity)